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BusinessInsights
October 24, 2024

Discover a better way of defining company success

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BusinessStrategy
October 24, 2024

Latest news from the economy and digital world

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October 24, 2024

Discover a better way of defining company goals

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Unsecured loans

Loans not backed by specific collateral. Lenders rely on the borrower’s creditworthiness and cash flow. Often used with companies without physical assets.

Contract types:

  • Term loan agreement
  • Promissory note

Usual terms:

  • APR: 7% – 25%
  • Period: 3 months – 5 years
  • Amount: 10k – 5M+ (€ or £); amount depending on the financial situation
  • Repayments: Fixed monthly payments (amortising)
  • Collaterals: Usually no collaterals required

Usual eligibility criteria:

  • Minimum annual revenue: 250k+ (€ or £); proven cash flow
  • Business operating for at least 12–24 months
  • Good recent financials (long-enough runway and/or good growth)
  • Sometimes require a personal guarantee
Secured loans

Loans backed by collateral (assets such as property, equipment, inventory, cash, IP, receivables). In case of default, the lender can seize the asset.

Contract types:

  • Loan agreement with security interest
  • Fixed or floating charge over specific assets

Usual terms:

  • APR: 4% – 20%
  • Period: 1 – 10 years
  • Amount: 10k – 10M+ (€ or £); amount depending on the value of the assets
  • Repayments: Fixed monthly payments (amortising or interests-only)
  • Collaterals: Property, equipment, vehicles, inventory, or receivables. The cash in bank can also be pledged. The IP can also be used (patents, software, etc.)

Usual eligibility criteria:

  • Minimum annual revenue: 250k+ (€ or £); proven cash flow
  • Valuable assets with resale value (property, inventory, etc.) to secure the financing
  • Profitable or breakeven or clear repayment ability
  • Acceptable credit history (e.g., no recent defaults)
Revenue-Based Financing (RBF)

Funding is repaid through a percentage of future revenue. Common for SaaS, recurring revenue businesses, or Ecommerce. It can take different forms of contracts and different types of repayment structures, depending on the business model and lender.

Contract types:

  • Revenue/Receivables Purchase Agreement
  • Unsecured loan with revenue-based repayments

Usual terms:

  • APR: 12% – 30% (varies based on revenue trajectory)
  • Period: 6 – 24 months
  • Amount: 20k – 5M+ (€ or £); usually 15 to 60% of the annual revenue
  • Repayments: It can be flexible (notably for Ecommerce businesses) or fixed (if the revenue is recurring)
  • Collaterals: Usually no collaterals, the purchased revenue can be considered as a soft collateral (asset being “purchased” under a Revenue Purchase Agreement) but legally this is not a collateral

Usual eligibility criteria:

  • Monthly revenue > 10k (€ or £)
  • 6+ months of consistent revenue
  • Healthy debt and LTV/CAC ratios, long-enough runway or good growth

Important note: RBF providers often uses a discount rate, not an interest rate. The discount rate determines the repayment cap (e.g., advance of €100k repaid as €110k = 10% discount) when the APR includes all fees and costs at the end of the facility repayments.

Merchant Cash Advance (MCA)

Advance against future card sales, repaid via a fixed percentage of daily sales. Suitable for both physical retail and Ecommerce businesses with card-based revenues.

Contract types:

  • Revenue Purchase Agreement
  • Short-term loan agreement with revenue-linked repayments

Usual terms:

  • Factor rate (discount): 1.2x – 1.5x
  • APR equivalent: 8% – 30% (varies based on revenue trajectory)
  • Period: 3 – 12 months
  • Amount: 1k – 500k (€ or £)
  • Repayments: Flexible, daily or weekly % of card sales
  • Collaterals: Usually no collaterals, the purchased revenue can be considered as a soft collateral (asset being “purchased” under a Revenue Purchase Agreement) but legally this is not a collateral

Usual eligibility criteria:

  • Monthly card revenue: 5k – 10k (€ or £) minimum
  • Business operating for 6+ months
  • Majority of payments through POS terminals or online payment processors (e.g., Stripe, Shopify, PayPal)
Working capital financing

Short-term debt used to cover day-to-day operational needs (payroll, rent, supplies). It can take different forms:
loans, revenue-based financing, revolving notably.

Contract types:

  • Revolving credit facility
  • Short-term loan
  • Revenue Purchase Agreement (if tied to future revenue)

Usual terms:

  • APR: 8% – 30%
  • Period: 3 – 24 months
  • Amount: 10k – 5M+ (€ or £)
  • Repayments: Fixed monthly or interest-only with bullet repayment
  • Collaterals: Depending on the type of contracts, secured or unsecured by collaterals

Usual eligibility criteria:

  • Minimum annual revenue: 250k+ (€ or £); proven cash flow
  • +6 months of operating history
  • Stable incoming cash flow from customers
  • May be unsecured or lightly secured
Asset-Backed Loans

Loans secured by specific business assets (equipment, vehicles, inventory). This is a form of secured loan where the specific asset itself (like a van, machine, or inventory) acts as the collateral.

Contract types:

  • Secured loan
  • Asset finance agreement
  • Lease-to-own contracts

Usual terms:

  • APR: 4% – 20%
  • Period: 1 – 5 years
  • Amount: 20k – 2M (€ or £)
  • Repayments: Fixed monthly or quarterly payments
  • Collaterals: The financed asset is the primary collateral

Usual eligibility criteria:

  • Minimum annual revenue: 250k+ (€ or £)
  • Business asset value covers 70–100% of loan amount
  • Clean credit record
  • Down payment of 10–20% may be required
Invoice financing and reverse

Financing based on outstanding customer invoices. Offers early access to funds tied up in receivables. Can also include reverse factoring, where a lender pays suppliers on behalf of a buyer, improving payment terms across the supply chain.

Contract types:

  • Invoice factoring (lender manages collections)
  • Invoice discounting (you retain control)
  • Reverse factoring (supply chain finance driven by the buyer)

Usual terms:

  • Discount rate: 1% – 4% monthly (not APR);
  • APR equivalent: 12% – 48% if annualised, depending on the repayment period and fee structure
  • Advance rate: 50% – 90% of invoice value
  • Period: 5 – 90 days (until invoice paid); sometimes 120 days
  • Repayments: Repaid when the customer pays the invoice
  • Collateral: The invoices or receivables themselves

Usual eligibility criteria:

  • Invoicing at least 10k/month (€ or £) to other businesses (B2B)
  • Creditworthy clients with good payment history
  • Invoices issued on net 15–90 day terms
Venture Debt

Debt funding for startups, often alongside or after equity rounds. Usually used to extend runway without dilution.

Contract types:

  • Term loan with warrants
  • Convertible loan note

Usual terms:

  • APR: 6% – 15%
  • Period: 2 – 4 years
  • Amount: 500k – 15M (€ or £)
  • Repayments: Fixed interest payments and bullet or amortising principal
  • Collaterals: Venture debt is often lightly secured, using a floating charge or debenture, and sometimes paired with warrants instead of collateral. The cash in the bank can also be pledged and the tech assets (software, IP, patents, …) can be used as a collateral.

Usual eligibility criteria:

  • Raised at least 500k – 2M (€ or £) in equity from institutional investors
  • Monthly revenue: 50k+ (€ or £) preferred
  • Clear growth trajectory or proven product-market fit
  • Lenders usually request warrants (equity upside)